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Direct linkSang Joon Lee; Kun Huang – International Journal on E-Learning, 2024
The community of inquiry (CoI) framework identifies three essential elements--social, cognitive, and teaching presences--that are crucial for fostering a successful online learning experience. This study utilized the CoI framework to examine whether differences existed in students' perceived CoI presences between online and face-to-face sections…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Information Technology, Online Courses, In Person Learning
