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Howard, Martin – Modern Language Journal, 2012
Situated within the recent new wave of second language acquisition studies investigating the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation, this article draws on a longitudinal database of advanced French interlanguage to explore a number of issues that have not yet been extensively investigated. They concern the issue of individual variation in the…
Descriptors: Sociolinguistics, Profiles, Native Speakers, Individual Differences
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Howard, Martin – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL), 2006
This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the variation underlying subject-verb agreement in the spoken French interlanguage of Irish classroom and study abroad learners. Results outline the range of factors constraining that variation, such as the learners' level of informal contact with the language, as well as linguistic factors such as…
Descriptors: Verbs, Interlanguage, French, Statistical Analysis
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Howard, Martin – Canadian Modern Language Review, 2006
This article first presents an overview of some trends behind the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation in a second language. A study is then presented that aims to test the validity of these trends in a quantitative study of a range of socio- and morpho-phonetic variables in French, including liaison, /l/ deletion, and subject-verb agreement…
Descriptors: French, Grammar, Advanced Students, Interlanguage
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Howard, Martin – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL), 2004
Previous investigations of the variable marking of past time by the L2 learner have given rise to a number of hypotheses which predict the patterns of acquisition and use of past time markers in interlanguage (IL). However, given the complicity between their predictions, it has been previously noted that hypotheses such as the aspect and discourse…
Descriptors: Interlanguage, Second Language Learning, Second Languages, Prediction