Student discussion-group leaders were assessed on indices of facilitative empathy, respect, and genuineness, and their behaviors were analysed by Flanders' interaction categories. None of the leaders reached minimally helpful levels of the facilitative conditions, and only two out of five could be categorized as "indirect" leaders. (Author/JA)

The major finding of the study is that, although encounter groups have an impact on their participants, what is carried away from the experience depends on particular characteristics of the group in interaction with what participants bring to it. (Author)

Fifty volunteer undergraduate students majoring in speech pathology and audiology at the University of North Dakota tested the following hypotheses: (1) leaders exhibit significantly more nonverbal cues than do nonleaders in task-oriented and informal small groups; (2) members of task-oriented small groups exhibit significantly more nonverbal cues…

Confirms that leadership variables are the most potent determinants of group effectiveness. Anglo female leaders are most effective although sex is not the basic determinant. Language is an influential variable. Group effectiveness is not dependent on cultural matching of members and leaders. (Author/BEF)

This study investigates the leadership-followership behaviors of 48 kindergarten children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. (CM)

Results obtained with three methods of measuring three functional roles in initially leaderless small groups were factor analyzed. Results are discussed in terms of role differentiation and on implications of generalizing results obtained through one measurement procedure to those obtained with other procedures. (Author)

Presents an alternative method, the Adaptive Approach, of training leaders which focuses on the leader's ability to analyze the unique group members and situation and adapt his or her own behavior to meet the circumstantial requirements. Introduces the Leadership Brief as a technique for applying this approach. (MH)

Develops a method for predicting leadership behavior in small groups by integrating leadership theory and source valence concepts. (MH)

The influence process for teachers and coaches involves relations with administrators, peers, significant others who may be outside the direct control of the leader, and situational conflicts. Effective leadership requires a knowledge of the processes involved, but existing literature does not cite a single generally acceptable theory of…

The purpose of this paper was to measure small groups at various stages of their development and observe the effects of changes in group process on emergence of role types and the impact these roles have on group membership as a whole. Most small group measuring instruments have been built around a task-leader or socio-emotional leader dichotomy.…

This article reports the results of a study which sought to analyze and explain the selection of particular individuals for leadership roles by members of their work group. The authors find four factors important in peer leadership: task leadership, maturity, social influence, and flexibility. (NG)

This article focuses on (a) the types and incidence of casualties reported for encounter groups; (b) participant, group, and leader variables associated with negative outcome, (c) procedures for minimizing casualties, and (d) research considerations. (Author/AM)

This annotated bibliography contains more than 500 citations from sources in various subject areas that relate to small group communication. The sources, all published between 1950 and 1969, include discussion textbooks, expository articles, theoretical writings, experimental studies, and works on the teaching of discussion. The bibliography is…

A questionnaire surveying more than 1,000 business, political, education, and military supervisors revealed that they valued skill performances and human relations as the two most critical components of subordinate success. (Author)