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Direct linkNancy Gagné; Leif M. French; Kirsten M. Hummel – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Within the same learning context, learners' outcomes in terms of oral fluency vary greatly. This study tracked the relative contributions that first language (L1) and initial second language (L2) fluency skill and working memory (WM) made to L2 fluency development. We assessed the performance of French-speaking Grade 6 learners' (n = 47, mean age:…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Crossley, Scott A.; Kim, YouJin – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2019
The current study examined the effects of text-based relational (i.e., cohesion), propositional-specific (i.e., lexical), and syntactic features in a source text on subsequent integration of the source text in spoken responses. It further investigated the effects of word integration on human ratings of speaking performance while taking into…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Syntax, Oral Language, Speech Communication
