The essay integrates the psychometric intelligence approach with the cognitive-developmental approach or the stage theory erected by Piaget and his disciples. The latter led to Piagetian Cross-Cultural Psychology and the accumulation of an immense body of data. It shows that different IQ levels are indicative of the peculiar stages of cognitive…

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the Flynn effect and the effects of age differences between siblings on the intelligence difference between them. In Norway, the secular trends in intelligence-test score means vary both in magnitude and direction. We identified three periods: one period where the mean intelligence…

Measurement invariance with respect to groups is an essential aspect of the fair use of scores of intelligence tests and other psychological measurements. It is widely believed that equal factor loadings are sufficient to establish measurement invariance in confirmatory factor analysis. Here, it is shown why establishing measurement invariance…

In this article, time effects on intelligence test scores have been investigated. In particular, we examined whether the "Flynn effect" is manifest in children from the middle and higher IQ distribution range, measured with a child intelligence test based on information processing principles--the Leiden Diagnostic Test. The test was administered…

The specificity doctrine, holds that psychometric tests measure nothing other than the specific bits of knowledge and learned skills reflected in the item content of the tests. This prevailing doctrine has influenced the interpretation of test scores and the conceptualization of test validity, as well as the practical use of tests in educational…

Investigated whether men and women produced similar Verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Performance IQ patterns following unilateral cerebral lesions. No consistent evidence of Sex X Lesioned Hemisphere interactions was found. Differences in the lateralization effects between men and women were not reflected in direction or pattern but only in…

The relationship of test wiseness to I.Q. and the usability of I.Q. scores are discussed. Test wiseness involves the examinee's ability to obtain a high score on a standardized achievement test as a result of utilizing test-taking experience. Usability of I.Q. scores refers to the value of I.Q. scores to educators in making educational decisions.…

Until the 1970s, there were few signs of change in the historic difference of one standard deviation between average ability or achievement test scores of black and white students. From 1970 to the mid-to-late 1980s, there was a substantial convergence of the average achievement test scores of blacks and whites. From the mid-to-late 1980s to 1992,…

Findings showed an almost even percentage of boys and girls, that more girls had fathers with doctorate degrees, that girls' arithmetic and spatial abilities were not significantly different from boys', that girls increased or decreased in IQ more than boys in high school, and that boys' IQs and grade point averages were significantly correlated…

A model-fitting analysis of the covariance structure of an intelligence quotient (IQ) data set is reported using a model that considers additive and nonadditive genetic parameters and shared and nonshared environment parameters that permit different estimates for different types of relatives. The use of LISREL for such purposes is reviewed. (SLD)

Scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were compared with reevaluation scores obtained four years later on the WAIS-Revised for a group of 108 mildly and moderately retarded adults. The moderately retarded subgroups (N=22) demonstrated significantly higher WAIS-R intelligence quotients. Implications for use of the WAIS-R are…

In response to reviewer criticisms, reiterates that the Hispanic community must share the blame for low Hispanic IQ scores and become involved in educational strategy development. Discusses bilingual education as a hindrance to Hispanic students, and the need for improved standardized tests with single norms. Contains 27 references. (Author/SV)

Responds to Dunn's monograph on Hispanic-Anglo differences in IQ scores. Reviews studies of between-group variance in IQ scores for Blacks, Anglos, and Hispanics; concludes that sociocultural factors are major contributors to such variance. Presents an IQ assessment system that develops sociocultural norms via multiple regression. Contains 24…

A review of research on the cognitive, linguistic, and scholastic development of mainland Hispanic-American children paints a dismal overall picture. Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States, 11% of the population in 1986; about 75% have Mexican ancestry. Less than half of Latin adults speak English well enough for the…