The major finding of this study is that there is a larger socioeconomic status or Negro-White difference on intelligence measures than on measures of rote learning and memory. The difference in the performance of Negro and White children increases with age. (EH)

A factorial design was used with two anxiety groups (high and low), three reinforcement conditions (praise, reproof, and praise plus reproof), and three levels of intelligence (high, middle, low). Subjects were 252 students (mean age, 14.7 years). (Author/JH)

Examines the emphasis in our culture which is placed on intelligence as measured by educational tests and suggests four possibilities to prevent an educational aristocracy. (RB)

A SERIES OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS CONCERNED WITH THE EFFECTS OF SYSTEMATIC VARIATIONS OF CERTAIN CONDITIONS RELATED TO LEARNING HAS BEEN CONDUCTED. PROJECTS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED INCLUDED TWO INVESTIGATIONS OF REINFORCEMENT AND SUBJECT VARIABLES AND ONE ON THE STUDY OF PRACTICE AND SUBJECT VARIABLES. THE NATURE OF THE OVERALL PROGRAM WAS DISCUSSED IN…

The effects and interactions of 3 variables on concept learning and retention were investigated: (1) method of stimulus presentation; (2) learning process; and (3) intellectual ability. One hundred and forty-four (144) 4th graders were divided into 4 groups, each of which was further subdivided into high, middle, and low intellectual ability…

The discriminative learning and transfer of compound and component problems were assessed in retarded subjects at two levels of intelligence. (Author/SB)

This paper offers a detailed review of the literature concerning sex differences in the learning of mathematics. It identifies cognitive, affective and educational variables which have been either shown or hypothesized to contribute to sex-related differences in mathematics learning. The author analyzes each study in detail. One important finding…

Eleven studies made between 1958 and 1960 gathered information about the conditions under which children seek out television and under which TV has an effect on them. This book describes these studies and reports and interprets their results. In the first few chapters, some of the changes TV has made in the child's world are described, and…

The interrelations between mental age (MA), IQ, and mediation were studied in 72 retardates in special classes. Subjects were selected to fall into sexually balanced groups of six in 12 MA-IQ categories (IQ 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89; MA 4-0 to 5-11, 6-0 to 7-11, and 8-0 to 9-11). The apparatus alternately displayed two pairs of stimuli, and…

Heritability is defined as the proportion of a manifested trait's varience that is due to genetic variation. Sixty-five pairs of twins were employed to investigate the heritability of: (1) short term memory (Jensen's Level 1), operationalized using of modified "digit span" test; (2) the general intellective factor (Jensen's Level II),…

This report collects together three presentations given by the author at scientific and professional meetings during the Spring of 1977. The first discusses present views of the variety and complexity of individual differences among human beings in the context of current research on cognitive processing in learning and instruction. The second…

A study was made of the effect of various learner and task characteristics on learning from scrambled frames in an instructional program. The independent variables were: sequence (scrambled vs. logical), grade, sequence length, criterion test complexity, sex, IQ, mathematics achievement, and reading comprehension. The dependent variables were:…

Studies of recall and recognition short-term memory (STM) were reviewed, and a series of studies of serial recognition memory of normal and retarded children was described. In experiments using a recall procedure there were decrements in initial performance level with decreasing age and IQ but less evidence that forgetting occurred at a faster…