Mastering correct pronunciation is crucial for effective Spanish language learning and communication. However, many existing language learning resources lack adequate coverage of pronunciation guidance and feedback mechanisms. This study aims to address this gap by developing SpanishBot, an innovative chatbot designed to facilitate the learning of…

This research is motivated by the low ability to understand mathematical concepts possessed by prospective elementary school teacher students. This study aims to see the achievement and improvement of students' mathematical understanding abilities that use Microsoft Excel-based VBA teaching materials with those using conventional learning. This…