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Direct linkZhou, Hao; Ma, Xin – Sociological Methods & Research, 2023
Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) is often used to estimate the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on academic achievement at different levels of an educational system. However, if a prior academic achievement measure is missing in a HLM model, biased estimates may occur on the effects of student SES and school SES. Phantom effects describe…
Descriptors: Simulation, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Socioeconomic Status, Institutional Characteristics
DeMars, Christine E. – Journal of Experimental Education, 2020
Multilevel Rasch models are increasingly used to estimate the relationships between test scores and student and school factors. Response data were generated to follow one-, two-, and three-parameter logistic (1PL, 2PL, 3PL) models, but the Rasch model was used to estimate the latent regression parameters. When the response functions followed 2PL…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Regression (Statistics), Simulation, Predictor Variables
