The inclusion of private events in the philosophy of our science is integral to avoid dualism and remain objective rather than making assumptions about an unseen mind. However, the inclusion of behaviors and stimuli which cannot be observed in an analysis poses obvious issues. One established method of studying covert behavior is to examine tasks…

Students face a complex, globalized, digitalized and polarized world, with world-wide challenges such as the pandemic, climate change and political conflict. In this context, the younger generations face the challenge of developing complex, yet articulated, identities to collectively imagine possible futures in an uncertain and fragmented world.…

The ongoing tonogenetic sound change in Seoul Korean involves transphonologization in phrase initial position, where the fundamental frequency (F0) of the vowel following aspirated or lenis stops becomes associated with the aspirated-lenis stop contrast (phonologization), while the originally contrastive Voice Onset Time (VOT) values merge…

Mental State Talk (MST) is utterances describing invisible mental aspects. The first aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Parental MST and Child MST and their concurrent association in a Swedish population, and the second aim was to relate these MST measures to the children's general language abilities. Seventy-seven dyads…

Researchers, parents, and policymakers from previous generations have recently expressed concern about the inevitable exposure of youngsters to digital media and its potentially detrimental effects on their development. Private speech is the overt audible self-talk people produce when engaged with challenging problem-solving tasks and is believed…

The Circumplex of Identity Formation Modes (CIFM) is the latest approach designed to integrate the various concepts describing identity formation in the Erikson--Marcia tradition. The CIFM assumes the relationships between identity modes and personality traits. The process of identity formation emerges as a result of the interaction between…

This qualitative study utilizes a phenomenological approach to assess impact of education-based service-learning experience on undergraduates' self-authorship process at a 4- year university. Research questions focused on implementing Boud et al. (1985) model of reflection as a framework for journaling; identifying participant variables indicative…

This article explores the utility of mindfulness in the field of evaluation. Mindfulness is a translation of the ancient Indian word, "Sati," which means awareness, attention, and remembering. While definitions vary, a practical definition of mindfulness is present-moment awareness in an open and nonjudgmental manner. Mindfulness-based…

This dissertation is about implicit prosody, the prosodic structure that readers assign during silent reading. The dissertation has several goals: determining which reading tasks are appropriate for studying implicit prosody, establishing how grammatical principles could guide incremental assignment of prosodic structure, and investigating how…

Silence is not often recognized as a key component within dialogue. Dialogue within the classroom and other settings tend to focus on verbal forms of communication and neglect ways in which dialogue is imbued with silence. However, silence is not merely the absence of sound or speech. This activity explores silence as a multifaceted, literal, and…

The common reproach: "think before you speak!," epitomises an educational paradigm in which speech is only the act of transmission finalised ideas. In his inspiring short essay "On the Gradual Formation of Thoughts During Speech" from 1805, the German writer Heinrich von Kleist challenged this approach when he described his…

Purpose: The mental health and well-being of employees is negatively impacted by stress, anxiety and depression. There is a need to address these issues at an organisational level to enhance workforce welfare and to decrease the number of days lost due to mental health/well-being concerns. This study aimed to evaluate a mental health and…

Self-monitoring has successfully been used to improve academic and behavioral outcomes of students with learning disabilities. Despite the frequent use of self-monitoring interventions and their accompanying benefits in the field of education, more information is needed concerning the efficacy of student awareness relevant to their self-talk. The…

Supporting students with effective and sustainable self-regulated learning in mobile technology-enhanced learning environments has become increasingly crucial. This study investigated the effects of metacognitive scaffolding (MS) and inner speech on students' metacognition and self-regulatory efficacy in mobile technology-enhanced interactive…

The intrapersonal functions of private speech have been researched extensively. However, studies in interactive settings that focus on the interpersonal functions of private speech have been rare. Adopting a case-study approach, I investigated the social consequences of private speech and how it contributes to the establishment of…