Background: Deep versus surface knowledge is widely discussed by educational practitioners. A corresponding construct, levels of processing, has received extensive theoretical and empirical attention in learning science and psychology. In both arenas, lower levels of information and shallower levels of processing are predicted and generally…

Introduction: The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study is to clarify ambiguous concepts in intelligence services literature specifically related to measurement of intelligence outcomes and impact. Method: Face to face interviews were held with five subject experts from various intelligence fields and countries regarding their…

The problems of modeling a process as complex as reading are discussed, including such factors as the lack of agreement surrounding definitions of modeling, varying levels of rigor within and between models, the disjunctive categories within which models fall, and the difficulty of synthesis across fields which employ very different technical…

Presents a compilation of definitions of information and other related terms including data, knowledge, impact, and development to organize and interrelate them. The goal is to provide members of the information science profession with a common basis for referring to key concepts. (Author/LRW)

A definition of information and its relationship with technology is given, as well as discussion of the application of information management in a variety of disciplines with emphasis on technology and information management in information facilities, and future implications. (MBR)

An explanation of what information is and why it is important that each nation develop policies for its effective use is followed by the author's view of emerging U.S. information policies. (Author/MBR)

Expands the notion of problem by creating a pluralistic theory of problems that embraces both the limited concept created by the information-processing school and an epistemic concept of problem. (JAD)

Identifies essential database management terminology and groups the various types of database management programs into three basic categories for discussion of basic features, typical applications, and costs. A table of the leading programs available in each category includes the manufacturer's name and address, hardware requirements, and price…

Effectiveness in collective negotiations depends significantly on how well administrators can communicate the issues under discussion to their management team. SB 160, a newly-defined negotiations process is forcing administrators to focus more sharply on middle management. A new component in management, the Management Alternates Team, was…

Article stipulated basic distinctions and definitions that provided a necessary and sufficient background for an overall understanding of the structure of MISOE information systems. (Author/RK)

From the earliest of times, humans have been working to improve their world. Myths and misunderstandings have arisen from the rapid pace and increasing impact of technology on people's lives. This technology may be material, consisting of tangible implements, or nonmaterial, consisting of both knowledge processed and methods that help humans…

It is necessary to distinguish the functions, services and products of various types of information services. For example, document centers, clearinghouses, referral centers, and special libraries deal mainly with information in a broad sense. The main function of information analysis centers, however, is to optimize the ratio of knowledge to…

A selected set of terms and definitions relating to computer networking is presented in a coherent manner. An introduction gives the rationale for the glossary, defines the scope by a brief tutorial overview, and states the glossary format and conventions. The glossary is arranged alphabetically and contains about 140 definitions and associated…

An examination of one of the problems of data banks dealing with terminology and serving varieties of users. The problem addressed is: Do such data banks actually fulfil their objective, and, if not, what modifications should be made? Difficulties experienced by translators are discussed. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

The growth of indexing services has emphasized the need for more knowledge of the indexing process itself. Consistency is necessary for continuing progress in the field. This study postulates that: (1) definitions of indexer consistency should consist of the indexer's perception of indexable concepts and his choice of terminology; (2) both parts…