A study was conducted in a school system consisting of one high school, two junior high schools and twelve elementary schools (K-6), to investigate the use of programed instructional materials within the existing classroom structure of an on-going school system. Programed instruction was given in the fields of mathematics and spelling. Aspects of…

One of the most pressing needs in education today is the adaptation of instruction to individual characteristics and background. The Individually Prescribed Instruction project (IPI) of the University of Pittsburgh represents an investigation into the requirements for and the problems encountered in developing a system for individualizing…

A model of the educational process and a derived procedure series for implementing an individualized instruction system are presented. The application of computer technology to individualized instruction requires an operational definition of the educational process in terms of school practices. A process model involving three major sets of…

Current educational practice has little status as a technological application based on an underlying science. A fundamental overhaul of approach should rectify this. Procedures should be systematically developed to effect change. Research findings should be readily available to educators, and teacher education should be restructured. Equipment,…