The role of the special educator has changed. Similar to general educators, special educators are more accountable, more specialized, and more collaborative. To be effective in this new role, special educators need to recommit to the founding principles of the discipline and embrace the tools that allow them to meet the needs of students with…

The purpose of this study was to collect the necessary descriptive information which would enable educators to determine the extent to which the Duluth individualized-contract program was successful in implementing the individualization of instruction concept. Data was collected on students in fifth and sixth grades, both from the experimental…

The Porter Elementary School in Syracuse, New York introduced individually prescribed instruction (IPI) for its kindergarten through 6th grade pupils, most of whom came from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Student individual differences relating to social background physical and personality development, intellectual capacity, and school…