Character education specialists seem to know it when they see it, but what it means to call something a character education program remains unclear. One possible source for this uncertainty is the manner in which character education has been defined. By identifying certain features as necessary, existing definitions fail to encompass the universe…

Recently, theorists have conceptualized justice and care as dichotomous orientations, each representing different gender and cultural perspectives. This article asserts that justice and care coexist in individual reasoning and development, are not gender- or culture-specific, and are fundamental and universal. Discusses implications for education…

The author argues that unless Kohlberg's theory of moral development can be demonstrated empirically, based on scientific evidence, his ensuing plan for a program of moral education amounts to no more than a systematic program of indoctrination. Kohlberg identifies the moral stage of a person by eliciting from a subject the reasons referred to in…