Coming to understand how cultural differences influence interactions between educators and students and their parents is a complex and perhaps life-long discovery. Culture helps to define groups' belief systems and expectations for appropriate behavior, often at a hidden level. Pre-service teachers need multiple opportunities to interact with…

Background: Schools in K-12 have generated mission statements as ways of focusing their efforts and energies in specific areas. These mission statements vary by institutional setting as a function of the stakeholders and constituent groups who facilitate their development. To date, no studies were located in which the mission statements of…

A study of black college students to assess whether they are better served by predominantly black colleges or by integrated, predominantly white colleges is discussed. About 3,000 freshmen and seniors at eight predominantly white and seven predominantly black colleges were studied in four states with different social mores and attitudes toward…