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Wicker, Frank W.; And Others – 1980
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the following memory encoding variables on human learning: depth (implying progression through levels of encoding); spread (elaboration of information at a given level) and; congruence (integration of the form of encoding and the material to be learned). Encoding refers to the way in which…
Descriptors: Congruence (Psychology), Higher Education, Memorization, Paired Associate Learning
Geisler, Cheryl – 1985
A study examined how teachers help students to write with greater precision. Subjects, 160 freshman students, wrote a single sentence describing a wordless Peanuts cartoon. They were asked to express specific semantic relationships (sequence/cotemporality, intention/instrument, and intention/enablement) between the actions in two contrasting…
Descriptors: Cartoons, Higher Education, Influences, Measurement Techniques