Provides discussion and critical analysis of three key models for teaching freshman composition courses. Discusses approaches centered on writing as product, writing as process, and writing as system. Considers what might be the common ground that these three approaches to writing instruction share. (HB)

Argues that comparing developments in the process approach to writing and the design methods movement sheds light on the evolution and future direction of the writing paradigm. Argues that sensitivity to the variety of writing tasks and social contexts is more effective than a single amorphous model. (RS)

Asserts that there is a need for writing teachers to reevaluate the metaphors they use to think about composition. Retraces the steps taken by Robert Zoellner in 1969 to reconsider the instrumental metaphors used by composition theories in the 1990s. Offers a criticism of the writing process model proposed by Linda Flower and John Hayes. (PRA)

Reviews the nature of apprenticeship in non-writing contexts. Describes, distinguishes, and illustrates the apprenticeship, traditional, and process approaches to writing instruction. Surveys evidence that apprenticeship provides the best model; highlights some practical applications of this model to writing instruction. Concludes that it…

Kenneth Burke has continued to exert a profound influence on recent theories of composition and rhetoric, specifically on how writing might be taught in the classroom. Two recent composition textbooks, "Process, Form, and Substance: A Rhetoric for Advanced Writers" by Richard Coe and "Writing Is Critical Action" by Tilly…

Argues that if writing is to help students learn, the purpose for which the writing is assigned has to change. Describes the process approach to writing for use in the classroom. Presents an example of this approach as used in a history class. (RS)

The process paradigm for teaching writing has been the dominant curricular model for the past 20 years, but by anatomizing various dimensions of this paradigm, it becomes clear why it, like any other paradigmatic model, will not last forever. To be adopted and become normative, any new paradigm has to appeal to salient features of the prevailing…

Departmental lines can interfere with collaboration among academic colleagues. Working together within the same department, a speech teacher and a writing teacher realized that both speech and writing have preparatory (planning and development), performance, and evaluation stages, and that within the various stages students use the same or similar…

Cognitively oriented research on writing has altered the manner in which writing is understood and taught. In the 1970s, writing teachers were challenged to improve students' skills. Finding traditional, product-oriented methods inadequate, they were left to discover how they might guide students to develop their skills. L. Flower and J. R. Hayes'…

Describes a content area writing lesson which uses a process approach to promote independent student writing and to aid retention. Uses the Predict, Organize, Rehearse, Practice, Evaluate (PORPE) strategy which provides teacher modeling of effective strategies, guided student practice, and feedback. (RS)