Proactivity is important to individual success, particularly where individuals face significant obstacles and where formal support may be lacking or difficult to access. The study tracks mature students over a one-semester university preparation course designed for returners to learning. Measures of proactivity included proactive personality,…

Training teachers as artists will develop an understanding of their own cognitive style and a trust in personal intuition. The art student imitates the masters, learns from peers, and develops by experimentation and subjective assessments. Teachers and art students both learn by becoming committed to their work. (JD)

This study investigated 137 Venezuelan college freshmen's performance on the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking as a function of field dependence or independence as well as "field mobility." Findings indicated that the most mobile students performed best on creativity tests whereas "fixed" students performed better on tests of…

Examines the relationship between children's artistic development and issues of learning. Categorizes undergraduate elementary education students' responses to an article on artistic development based on their own experiences. Summarizes the types of student reactions, and suggests implications for instructional practices. (DSK)

Underlying mental processes are common to all people in spite of individual differences in capability, intelligence, attitude, and motivation. When these processes are combined to form a single, observable entity, they can be interpreted as a universal action pattern of the mind. Educators, psychotherapists, and other individuals interested in…