The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid innovation among language assessment developers who had to adapt their testing processes to address various restrictions from governments and institutions. This overview introduces some of the challenges and opportunities test developers grappled with during this period as well as introduces the six commentaries…

This report on the status of German study in Iowa schools shows some increase in the period 1968-1975. The study surveyed teaching assignments, teacher preparation, language labs, class size, teachers' command of German, and trends at colleges and universities. Teachers' comments on enrollment are included. (CHK)