This paper looks at 21 fifth grade students as they discuss a linear graph in the Cartesian plane. The problem presented to students depicted a graph showing distance as a function of elapsed time for a person walking at a constant rate of 5 miles/h. The question asked students to consider how many more hours, after having already walked 4 h,…

We analyze how three seventh grade mathematics teachers from a majority Latino/a, linguistically diverse region of Texas taught the same lesson on interpreting graphs of motion as part of the Scaling Up SimCalc study (Roschelle et al., 2010). The students of two of the teachers made strong learning gains as measured by a curriculum-aligned…

This study concerns 182 first year mathematics undergraduates' perspectives on the tangent line of function graph in the light of a previous study on Year 12 pupils' perspectives. The aim was the investigation of tangency images that settle after undergraduates' distancing from the notion for a few months and after their participation in…

The purpose of this paper is to present evidence supporting the conjecture that graphs and gestures may function in different capacities depending on whether they are used to develop an algorithm or whether they extend or apply a previously developed algorithm in a new context. I illustrate these ideas using an example from undergraduate…

The notions of "abstract" and "concrete" are central to the conceptualization of mathematical knowing and learning. Much of the literature takes a dualist approach, leading to the privileging of the former term at the expense of the latter. In this article, we provide a concrete analysis of a scientist interpreting an unfamiliar graph to show how…

Covers a project conducted by the Freudenthal Institute in which observation of student behavior supported the premise that the graphics calculator can stimulate the use of realistic contexts, the exploratory approach to mathematics, a more integrated view of mathematics, and more flexible behavior in problem solving. (AIM)

This paper is inscribed within the research effort to produce evidence regarding primary school students' learning of algebra. Given the results obtained so far in the research community, we are convinced that young elementary school students can successfully learn algebra. Moreover, children this young can make use of different representational…

Forty Swedish elementary students, 7-12 years of age and working in pairs, constructed a series of bar graphs and pie charts using a graphing application software as an instructional tool under the guidance of the researcher. After successive withdrawal of help, each pair drew a small number of graphic displays manually at the end of the data…

Addresses the early stages of children's introduction to the use of variables in formal algebraic notation. Describes a teaching approach that aims to situate the use of formal notation in meaningful contexts. Presents a study of a teaching sequence based on children working with this approach using graphical feedback in problem solutions. (AIM)

Presents 24 activities related to the theme of area to illustrate how algebra can empower students, not impede their progress. Activities use grid tools, manipulatives, computational tools, and paper-and-pencil tools to facilitate access, discourse, independence, and multiple representations. Well-chosen themes offer connections, motivation,…

Computer software with graphic representations of functions can teach algebraic concepts, or can blur or obscure concepts of great importance. Making good use and bad use of visual imagery are each discussed. Then a general theory of interpretation of graphs is proposed, and a list of examples is presented. (MNS)

Describes five college and two high school students' understandings of function and limit in a graphics calculator-based environment and identifies instances where students' understanding seems to have been influenced by the availability of a graphing calculator. (27 references) (MKR)

Presents a case study of how one 11th-grader learned the meaning of the velocity sign. Her learning was not just an acknowledgment of a rule but also a broad questioning and revision of her thinking about graphs and motion. (16 references) (Author/MKR)

Presents a model of the tutoring process that takes into account the evolving tutor/student relationship and the subject matter concerns that the tutor is helping the student master. Reports illustrative data from case studies from which the model is derived. (15 references) (MDH)

Within mathematics education, classroom teachers, educational researchers, and instructional designers share the common goals of understanding and improving the teaching and learning of mathematics. Teachers work to help students learn; researchers study how people learn and teach mathematics; and designers develop instructional materials to…