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Ransom, Evelyn N. – 1977
The constraints in English on the definiteness, specificity, humaness and animacy of noun phrases (NP's) undergoing passive and dative movement are examined. Evidence presented shows that these constraints occur in other languages in marked and unmarked constructions as absolute constraints on acceptability or as tendencies. This suggests a…
Descriptors: Classification, Deep Structure, Grammar, Language Universals
FILLMORE, CHARLES J. – 1967
IN THIS PAPER, PREPARED FOR THE APRIL 1967 TEXAS SYMPOSIUM ON LINGUISTIC UNIVERSALS, IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE GRAMMATICAL NOTION "CASE" DESERVES A PLACE IN THE BASE COMPONENT OF THE GRAMMAR OF EVERY LANGUAGE. IT IS ARGUED THAT PAST RESEARCH HAS NOT LED TO VALID INSIGHTS ON CASE RELATIONSHIPS AND THAT WHAT IS NEEDED IS A CONCEPTION OF BASE…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Grammar, Language Typology, Language Universals
Anderson, John M. – Langages, 1975
A critical review of the development of case theory as put forth by N. Chomsky, C. J. Fillmore, J. M. Anderson, J. J. Robinson, and S. Starosta. (Text is in French.) (AM)
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Deep Structure, Form Classes (Languages), Generative Grammar

Nilsen, Don L. F. – TESOL Quarterly, 1971
Paper presented at the TESOL Convention in New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1971. (VM)
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Deep Structure, English (Second Language), Grammar
Harries, Helga – 1973
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how languages express contrastive emphasis. It is argued that all contrastively emphasized constructions have underlying cleft sentences, independent of whether the surface structure is an equational or a nonequational one. It is furthermore argued that emphatic word orders are systematic and predictable…
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, Grammar
O'Donnell, Roy C. – 1974
This essay discusses a theory of grammar which incorporated Chomsky's distinction between deep and surface structure and accepts Fillmore's proposal to exclude such subject and concepts as direct object from the base structure. While recognizing the need for specifying an underlying set of caselike relations, it is proposed that this need can best…
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Deep Structure, Grammar, Language Patterns
Heringer, James T.; And Others – 1972
This collection of working papers contains four papers on varied topics in lintuistic theory. The first paper, "Some Grammatical Correlates of Felicity Conditions and Presuppositions," attempts to show that there is a systematic relationship between what a speaker of a language does in uttering sentences of that language and the syntactic form of…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, Diachronic Linguistics, Grammar
El-Hassan, Shahir A. – IRAL, 1987
Supports the claim that aspect in English and written Arabic is a function of a variety of sentential elements including verb form, verb class, and adverbials. The two languages are basically similar in regard to two universal aspectual distinctions: syntactic categories and semantic categories. (TR)
Descriptors: Adverbs, Arabic, Classification, Comparative Analysis

Erreich, Anne; And Others – Cognition, 1979
Goodluck and Solan (EJ 205 641) presented alternative formulations about why errors predicted by basic operations fail to occur and suggested a refined hypothesis. Each aspect of their argument is addressed, and it is concluded that descriptive power, methodology and principles for restricting error predictions favor our original analysis. (RD)
Descriptors: Child Language, Deep Structure, Error Analysis (Language), Grammar
Catford, J. C. – Mod Lang J, 1969
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Grammar, Language Patterns, Language Universals
MCNEILL, DAVID – 1967
THE ACQUISITION OF LANGUAGE IS CONSIDERED AS A QUESTION OF SPECIFYING HOW CHILDREN'S CAPACITY FOR LANGUAGE INTERACTS WITH THEIR LINGUISTIC EXPERIENCE--THE INTERACTION TAKING THE FORM OF RELATING THE UNIVERSAL ASPECTS OF THE DEEP STRUCTURE TO THE IDIOSYNCRATIC ASPECTS OF THE SURFACE STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE. THIS INTERACTION OCCURS IN THE ACQUISITION…
Descriptors: Child Development, Cognitive Processes, Deep Structure, Form Classes (Languages)
Moravcsik, Edith A. – 1969
This paper argues that the hypothesis that all languages have a definitization process is empirically refutable, and that use of the terminology "definite" and "indefinite" is justified in that it reflects intuitions of grammarians and linguists. The following statements are tested against evidence from samples of different languages: (1) all noun…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Determiners (Languages), Form Classes (Languages), Grammar
Long, Ralph B. – 1968
In viewing the approach to English and other grammars in the light of linguistic universals, the author feels that the principal justification for deep structure analysis of English is that "deep structure analyses of all the languages of our multilingual world in combination can serve as a genuinely scientific basis of a defensible universal…
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Deep Structure, English (Second Language), Grammar
Anderson, Stephen R.; Andrews, Avery D. – 1972
This first volume of a three-part language research study states and illustrates that the point of departure for comparative analysis of two languages rests on a comprehensive typology in each of a number of areas of grammar. The report suggests that a limited set of functions can be isolated, and that the range of grammatical possibilities open…
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Comparative Analysis, Contrastive Linguistics, Deep Structure
Kuno, Susumu – Papers in Japanese Linguistics, 1972
This discussion considers the process of subject raising, which takes the constituent subject out of the complement clause and makes it a constituent of the matrix clause and the occurrence of this process in Japanese and in other subject-object-verb (SOV) languages. The first part of the paper demonstrates why subject raising is not a common…
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, English
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