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Direct linkSparks, Richard L.; Humbach, Nancy; Patton, Jon; Ganschow, Leonore – Modern Language Journal, 2011
A factor analysis of a test battery that included early first-language (L1) achievement, L1 cognitive ability, second-language (L2) aptitude, and L2 affective measures to predict oral and written L2 proficiency was conducted. The analysis yielded 4 factors that were labeled Language Analysis, composed of L1 and L2 language comprehension, grammar,…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Phonology, Paired Associate Learning, Affective Measures
