ACT annually publishes score norms, also referred to as national ranks, derived from data on the most recent three cohorts of high school graduates who completed the ACT® assessment. These norms are not grade-specific and are calculated using each student's final ACT attempt in Grade 10, 11, or 12. National ranks are displayed on ACT score reports…

Many initiatives have emphasized the importance of challenging students in text using readability formulas. Almost all formulas employ mean word frequency yet long-standing issues abound. Researchers question using a singular mean with a skewed variable like frequency. They also question the degree to which frequency pinpoints complex words,…

Graphical literacy or graphicacy is a critical component of scientific literacy. Graphs are used to integrate and represent complex sets of information requiring abstraction from perceptual experience. They form essential parts of the Mathematics and Science curriculum across school curricular stages. A key to developing meaningful pedagogic…

Understanding students' mathematics mindset is valuable for fostering academic perseverance and promoting STEM engagement. This study investigates students' mathematics mindset from 5th to 12th grade and explores the influence of outside-of-school factors on their mindset development. Drawing on the framework of growth mindset, the research…