This paper presents the findings of a meta-analysis on parental involvement and its relationship with the academic achievement of Chinese students. Unlike most meta-analyses that rely on data from published studies, this study draws from 363 representative regional samples, encompassing 399,375 students in mainland China, including 212,072 Year 4…

ACT annually publishes score norms, also referred to as national ranks, derived from data on the most recent three cohorts of high school graduates who completed the ACT® assessment. These norms are not grade-specific and are calculated using each student's final ACT attempt in Grade 10, 11, or 12. National ranks are displayed on ACT score reports…

Many initiatives have emphasized the importance of challenging students in text using readability formulas. Almost all formulas employ mean word frequency yet long-standing issues abound. Researchers question using a singular mean with a skewed variable like frequency. They also question the degree to which frequency pinpoints complex words,…

This study investigates how gender and school year influence students' perceptions of the learning environment in Swedish compulsory schools. Using the adapted patterns of adaptive learning scales (PALS) questionnaire, this research examined 831 students from years 3, 6 and 8 (ages 9-14). Data were analysed using principal component analysis…

Understanding students' mathematics mindset is valuable for fostering academic perseverance and promoting STEM engagement. This study investigates students' mathematics mindset from 5th to 12th grade and explores the influence of outside-of-school factors on their mindset development. Drawing on the framework of growth mindset, the research…

This Data Appendix provides the data behind the Fact Sheet, "California's K-12 Test Scores."