Investigated whether images of human beings in two popular clip-art packages would embody modern, egalitarian goals for gender and racial equality or more traditional views. Overall, the clip-art depicted middle-aged Caucasian males more frequently and in more active/nonnurturant and desirable roles than any other group. Females tended to be…

Corrects various assertions from an article on gender identity disorder in children, explaining that the original research found that 76.1 percent of gender-referred children expressed cross-sex wishes, rather than 17-36 percent of gender-referred boys, as stated in the earlier article. Notes that the original research sample included…

Surveyed female middle managers from organizations in three industries, examining the relationship between organizational culture and women's advancement to management. Results indicated that aspects of organizational culture typically associated with women related to women's progress. Organizational culture practices related to gender equity were…

Investigated gender role socialization as a function of parenting experience in a toy play situation and as a function of adults' perceptions of gender-stereotyped toys. Children played individually with their parent, another child's parent, and a nonparent. Overall, adults acted in similar ways regardless of their parenting experiences. Gender…

Examined the relationship of gender to adolescents' educational and childbearing plans, interdependence of plans, and differential effects of gender and social context. Data from the High School and Beyond Sophomore Cohort Study indicated that girls, but not boys, expected the timing of childbearing to affect educational attainment. Educational…

Used data from the British Household Panel Survey to examine relationships between early- and mid-adolescents' gender role attitudes and the attitudes of their parents. Overall, adolescents' attitudes were consistently more nontraditional than were their parent's attitudes. Adolescent girls' attitudes were markedly more nontraditional than those…

Evaluates empirical studies to determine whether Gender Identity Disorder (GID) in children meets DSM-IV definitional criteria of mental illness. Concludes that children who experience a sense of inappropriateness in their culturally prescribed sex role but do not experience discomfort with their biological sex should not be considered to have a…

Investigated whether environmental factors affected the magnitude of gender differences in spatial performance when tasks were susceptible to the influence of such factors. Evaluation of college students indicated that males outperformed females on two spatial tests. Activities preference in childhood affected the magnitude of gender differences…

Examined the effects of gender on self-presentation of academic achievement to vulnerable male peers. College students predicted their grade point average (GPA) to male peers who had earned a low or average GPA and who were concerned or unconcerned about academic performance. Overall, both men's and women's GPA predictions were higher when the…

Analyzed 83 Notable Books for Children regarding the gender of the main character, illustrations, and title. Results reveal that steps toward equity have advanced based on the increase in females represented as the main character. Though female representation has shown signs of significant improvement since the 1970s, gender stereotypes are still…

Surveyed male and female adults to test several hypotheses about the relationship between sex, gender, personality, and social support. Overall, gender, but not sex, significantly correlated with patterns of social support. Femininity in both sexes associated with seeking and receiving emotional support, and with seeking and receiving support from…

Young children told personal experience narratives about a time when they had been happy, surprised, and mad. Researchers assessed their explicit emotion labels and use of linguistic forms of evaluation to convey emotion. Children used various methods to convey emotions. Gender differences were rare. The only evaluative device that hinted at…

Assessed longitudinal changes in gender role traditionalism across 4 years of college using national college student data from the 1996 Cooperative Institutional Research Freshman Survey and 2000 College Student Survey. Overall, students' levels of traditionalism declined during college. Women held more egalitarian views than men at college entry…

Examined the impact of increased salience of negative stereotypic expectations on math performance among high school students. Results indicated that female students in the condition of heightened salience of negative stereotypic expectations underperformed in comparison to their control group counterparts. The effect of blatant stereotype threat…

Investigated the relationship of sex, gender role attitudes, and sexual orientation to perceptions of rape. College students responded to scenarios depicting the rape of heterosexual and homosexual males and females. Men assigned more blame to victims (particularly male victims) than did women. Traditional gender role attitudes positively related…