Excellence gaps are differences in advanced education outcomes among student groups. This study replicates and extends an earlier study on the prevalence and magnitude of excellence gaps based on student sex and immigrant status using Grade 8 TIMSS data. Data were included for the 12 countries that have participated in each TIMSS administration…

How does the representation of boy and girl exemplars in curricular materials affect students' learning? We tested two competing hypotheses about the impact of gender exemplar on learning: First, in line with Social Learning Theory, children might exhibit a same-gender bias such that they prefer to learn from exemplars that match their gender…

As international focus increasingly turns to the need to build a future mathematics workforce, research has aimed to better understand the salient individual and contextual factors that influence maths engagement and achievement across development. This study investigates self-reported general anxiety, test anxiety, and maths anxiety in two…

The learning context, consisting of the school children's families, teachers, and peers, has effect on their mathematics learning. The concern of students' socioeconomic status (SES) affecting negatively their learning outcomes is increasing worldwide. This study investigates whether Finnish elementary school students' SES affects their…

Introduction: Individuals' math value beliefs are theorized to influence who persists in STEM. However, the existing findings on gender differences in adolescents' math value beliefs are inconsistent. The goal of this study was to use three existing datasets to help clarify when gender differences emerge for high school adolescents and for whom…

Purpose: Achievement in mathematics and reading is a function of many interrelated variables. Therefore, it is important to identify and compare the variables that affect success in these areas. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics that are thought to be effective on achievement scores in reading and mathematics. Method: The…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among homework time, homework frequency, and learning achievements of Taiwanese students. Applying a 2-level hierarchical linear modeling on the TIMSS 2007 and 2011 data, our findings were as follows: (1) Within the context of TIMSS 2007 and 2011 students, the frequency of mathematics…

Results of the PISA 2018 tests show that the average score in mathematics of the Spanish students is below the European Union and the OECD averages. These differences may be caused by factors related to the student or by those related to the school the student belongs to. The aim of this work is to identify the variables causing the differences in…

This study focuses on the analysis of certain performance predictors for calculus I. We collected data from 717 students from 2013 through 2018 at a southeastern university in the United States to explore any correlation between course times (particularly very early versus the rest) and student performance in this specific course, along with a…

The purpose of this technical appendix is to more fully describe the sample, methods, and results of the research brief "Boys Regain the Advantage in Middle School STEM Skills: Post-COVID Trends in Gender Achievement Gaps." The authors investigated three research questions in this brief: (1) How have 8th grade gender gaps in STEM…

This study employed design-based logistic regression to examine the extent to which attending a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) magnet high school, school demographics, and student-level factors explain a student's intent to declare a STEM major in the first semester of college. The results show only student-level factors…

The labor-market payoff to workers with associate degrees in healthcare and STEM occupations is very high in Massachusetts. We examine whether this induced a growing proportion of students in MA community colleges (MACCs) to earn an associate degree (AD) in one of these fields. We do this by using multinomial logit analysis to compare trends…

Mathematics is a gateway to science-related careers and all stakeholders want to improve the achievement levels in mathematics. In this study we use data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2015 to investigate the association between the learner situational factors of gender, grade level age appropriateness, school…

The gender gap in mathematics achievement has been shown to cause a discrepancy for women in higher-earning mathematics and science-related professions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between high school students' perceptions of teacher support in their mathematics classes, gender, and academic success. A self-report instrument…

Motivated by a curriculum privileging number-based strategies but national tests highlighting students' reliance on standard algorithms, this study analyses 2,216 Danish Grade 3, 6 and 8 students' solutions to various multidigit arithmetic tasks, each designed to elicit shortcut strategies, against background variables including sex, ethnicity and…