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Direct linkStrand, Steve – Oxford Review of Education, 2014
There are long-standing achievement gaps in England associated with socio-economic status (SES), ethnicity and gender, but relatively little research has evaluated interactions between these variables or explored school effects on such gaps. This paper analyses the national test results at age 7 and age 11 of 2,836 pupils attending 68 mainstream…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Influences, Gender Differences, Ethnicity, Achievement Gap
Strand, Steve; Deary, Ian J.; Smith, Pauline – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2006
Background and aims: There is uncertainty about the extent or even existence of sex differences in the mean and variability of reasoning test scores ( Jensen, 1998; Lynn, 1994, ; Mackintosh, 1996). This paper analyses the Cognitive Abilities Test (CAT) scores of a large and representative sample of UK pupils to determine the extent of any sex…
Descriptors: Low Achievement, Students, Standardized Tests, Statistical Significance
