Purpose: The present research aimed to develop an organizational health model and describe the key dimensions constituting organizational health in the agricultural extension structure of Iran. Design/methodology/approach: The research population was composed of all staff and line people of the agricultural extension structure of Iran. Based on the research characteristics, the sampling was performed in two steps (N = 2281). The sample size was determined by the finite population correction formula (n = 223). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that the components of constructive organizational behaviors, management competency, context to have a healthy working climate, intra-organizational factors, organizational integrity, and importance of human resources to organization health had a positive and significant impact on the process of organizational health. Practical implications: It can be recommended to design a performance appraisal system based on the competencies and performance of employees and to include such issues as the acknowledgment of small progress versus big progress and valuation of spiritual and social rewards along with material rewards. Theoretical implications: Empowerment is a facet of organizational health that should be given more attention to by organizations. It comprises consulting, training, guiding, involving, encouraging responsibility, motivating diligence, and all the factors that can improve people's perception of organizational health and quality of career. Originality/value: All internal, external, environmental, and communication factors should be considered in the organizational health of agricultural extension in order for organizational health to be realized comprehensively.