The importance of revision has been recognised by numerous scholars of the teaching and learning of writing (Abad & Rodríguez-Gonzalo, 2023; Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1987; Camps, 2020; Horning & Becker, 2006), especially if it is understood as a recursive and transversal phase that affects all levels of language (Álvarez Angulo, 2011;…

This investigation sought to discern the impacts of different electronic note-taking strategies--collaborative, individual, and a hybrid of both--on the academic writing skills of Chinese EFL graduate students. The study engaged 185 participants, systematically assigned to one of four groups: those practicing collaborative electronic note-taking,…

An increasing number of studies have explored the effects of collaborative writing on written outcomes; however, few studies have examined the influence of collaborative processing of feedback. This study addresses this gap by focusing on learner engagement. While collaborative writing involves co-authoring a text, which requires negotiation and…

This study examines the impact of written corrective feedback (WCF) timing on the collaborative writing process and writing accuracy development of adult learners of French as a second language. Forty-eight learners were divided into three groups to complete a collaborative writing task in pairs. The first group received immediate WCF via Google…

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) has occupied an important place in the field of language education; however, some of TBLT dimensions that pertain to the interaction between task design features, written corrective feedback (WCF), and learners' performance have not received adequate attention in past studies. To fill this gap, the current study…

While much research supports the benefits of computer-mediated collaborative writing (CW) in second language (L2) classrooms, the assessment of CW has received scant attention. This study proposed an assessment scheme considering both the products and processes when assessing online synchronous CW, and explored its effects on learners'…

Google Docs has recently been suggested as an efficient collaborative tool for group writing. This experimental quantitative study, including pretest-treatment-posttest design, aimed at comparing the effects of collaborative writing on Google Docs and individual writing practice on EFL learners' descriptive paragraphs. The participants were 48…

Given that interaction patterns are one of the most critical components of the collaborative writing (CW) strategy, especially regarding text quality, the present study investigates the interaction patterns of argumentative text quality in CW at advanced-level undergraduate L2 writing. Ninety-five undergraduate learners participated in the…

Writing is an important part of creative thinking as it is the reflection of a person's thoughts and reasoning. The aim with this study was to create a comprehensive and effective educational model that combines the teaching and practice of writing as a process and creative writing in a collaborative environment in the education of prospective…

Although a number of studies examined the use of social networking sites (SNSs) in academic writing instruction, these studies mainly revolve around social media centered on microblogging features. Despite living in a visually dominated world, the potential of visual social media such as Instagram whereby the textual, the visual and the social can…

The present study investigates the effects of online collaborative writing instruction combined with metacognitive guidance on students' writing performance in German as a foreign language and their metacognitive awareness. For this purpose, a total of 90 students are randomly and equally divided into three groups: group with online collaborative…

Digital multimodal composing (DMC) has attracted language instructors' and researchers' increasing attention during recent years. Previous studies mainly investigated the students' DMC processes and perceptions, but DMC products are underexamined, and in particular, scarce is research comparing collaborative DMC products and individual DMC…

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the digital transformation of higher education worldwide. It also has facilitated digital writing in remote classrooms and beyond. During lockdowns, digital writing has become a constant way of communication in our lives. The research examines the COVID-19 pandemic impact on digital writing transformation in…

This study was motivated by Skehan's (1996, 1998) hypothesis about the potential of post-task anticipation to direct learners' attention towards form and previous online L2 collaborative writing research that found prioritization of meaning in this context. It investigated the effects of post-task anticipation on text length, accuracy and…

Addressing the lack of studies on L2 online and collaborative prewriting, this study examines L2 collaborative prewriting through voice chat. It explores the effects of an online prewriting condition (individual vs collaborative) on performance in subsequent individual writing as assessed by text length, accuracy, complexity, and analytical rating…