Studies have shown that the amount of time students spend engaged in learning tasks is related to learning outcomes. However, schools often offer to the students only a fraction of the time that governments pay for, and schools in lower-income areas often offer less time than governments plan for students. Instructional time ought to be an…

The German Democratic Republic's (GDR) Constitution says that "members of cooperative farms are responsible for the creation, on the basis of existing laws, of their own working and living conditions". This also applies to regulations of working hours, holidays, and paid leaves. The total time available per day to members of cooperative…