The present study had two research questions to investigate whole-class promotion in primary school and pupils' achievement in literacy. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design. The target population was composed of all teachers and pupils in primary schools in Fako Division, in Cameroon, while the accessible population was…

In South Africa, progression refers to the elevation of a learner from one grade to the following grade (excluding grade R), in spite of the learner not having achieved all the promotion stipulations (DBE, 2012a). This article is embedded in a social justice theoretical framework that advocates for a just society through fairness, equal access to…

Proposes guidelines for a student promotion/retention policy including clear academic goals and expectations, the use of multidisciplinary teams to make decisions about grade repetition and monitor student progress, opportunities for the students to "catch-up" with their age peers, and program alternatives to retention and social…