In this study, the performance of artificial intelligence chatbots--OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft's Copilot--was evaluated and compared based on their responses to questions from the Turkish Higher Education Entrance Physics Examination over the past three years. Analysis of the chatbots' responses to TYT Physics questions showed…

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable achievement test in accordance with the content framework of the 9th-grade Biology Course Curriculum published within the scope of the Turkish Century Maarif Model on the subject of "Organic Matter". The screening method was used for this purpose. The sample of the study consists of 258…

Scientific literacy is a person's ability to think and behave scientifically, apply scientific knowledge, and make decisions in solving problems in everyday life. Biology students are expected to be able to develop scientific literacy. One of them is in the material of plant metabolism. Understanding the concept of plant metabolism will help…

The research developed and validated EKSAI (Epistemic Knowledge Science Assessment Instrument), an assessment tool for epistemic knowledge in science education. The background is that 21st-century challenges demand a transformation in science education, with a focus on understanding how scientific knowledge is developed and evaluated, which is…

In international large-scale assessments, student performance comparisons across educational systems are frequently done to assess the state and development in different domains. These results often have a large impact on educational policy and on the perceptions of an educational system's performance. Early assessments, such as the First and…

This study explores the use of artificial intelligence in grading high-stakes physics exams, emphasizing the application of psychometric methods, particularly item response theory, to evaluate the reliability of AI-assisted grading. We examine how grading rubrics can be iteratively refined and how threshold parameters can determine when…

The main objective of the present study was to construct and standardize an achievement test in science for the secondary school science students in grade 8. An achievement test having 120 test items was prepared by the facilitator based on the four main learning objectives of teaching science that are knowledge, understanding, application, and…

Cultivating students' enjoyment of science is one of the significant aims of science education. However, it seems challenging to achieve this goal in most countries or economies. Using the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 Hong Kong data, this study aims to identify multiple configurations of school conditions to…

This study aims to obtain and compare the opinions of exam question writers and teachers on skill-based exam questions. 24 science teachers and 11 context-based exam question writers participated in the study, which was carried out according to the convergent parallel design. Opinions of both parties on the skill-based exam questions were…

When describing motion in physics, the selection of a frame of reference is crucial. The graph of a moving object can look quite different based on the frame of reference. In recent years, various tests have been developed to assess the interpretation of kinematic graphs, but none of these tests have specifically addressed differences in reference…

In order to ensure content validity by covering a broad range of content domains, the testing times of some educational large-scale assessments last up to a total of two hours or more. Performance decline over the course of taking the test has been extensively documented in the literature. It can occur due to increases in the numbers of: (a)…

In physics education, a number of studies have developed assessments of teachers' knowledge of student understanding (KSU) of specific physics concepts with modified versions of existing concept inventories, in which teachers were asked to predict the popular incorrect answers from students. The results provide useful but indirect information to…

The objectives of this research are: (1) to develop a flipped classroom learning plan using inquiry-based learning on the topic of substance separation for Grade 8 students, to achieve effectiveness according to the 75/75 criteria; (2) to compare science process skills and learning achievement before and after implementing the developed learning…

Procedural and conceptual e-scaffolding has been shown to be effective for assisting novice learners in understanding new concepts. Its integration with modelling instructions (E-MI) raises expectations for improving scientific reasoning (SR) in students whose level is still a concern in Indonesia. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to find…

Predicting student performance in international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) is crucial for understanding educational outcomes on a global scale. ILSAs, such as the Program for International Student Assessment and the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, serve as vital tools for policymakers, educators, and researchers to…