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Ben Smith; Stephen P. Morris; Harry Armitage – Research Papers in Education, 2023
It is not uncommon for randomised trials in education to have the performance of sample members in national examinations as their primary outcome. In many cases, examination results are available as summary measures only. Taking the example of GCSE examination results in England, this paper shows that using summary measures of an underlying score…
Descriptors: Language Arts, Mathematics Instruction, Grades (Scholastic), Standardized Tests

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