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Marks, Gary N. – School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2023
Prior achievement is essential to estimating the role of schools and school factors on student outcomes because it measures students' pre-existing knowledge and skills. However, its very strong effects and their implications for research and policy are not widely appreciated. Analyses of student achievement in five domains shows that prior…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Prior Learning, Academic Achievement, Evaluation
Eric A. Hanushek; Paul E. Peterson; Laura M. Talpey; Ludger Woessmann – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2019
Concerns about the breadth of the U.S. income distribution and limited intergenerational mobility have led to a focus on educational achievement gaps by socio-economic status (SES). Using intertemporally linked assessments from NAEP, TIMSS, and PISA, we trace the achievement of U.S. student cohorts born between 1954 and 2001. Achievement gaps…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Achievement Gap, Trend Analysis, Academic Achievement

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