Students' understanding of organic, inorganic, physical, and analytical chemistry is relatively weak, making it challenging for them to apply these concepts in real-life situations. Developing these comprehension and processing skills is essential for achieving the learning objectives in high school chemistry (Phases E-F) in Indonesia. This study…

In delivering chemistry courses by distance, a key challenge is to offer the learner an authentic and meaningful laboratory experience that still provides the rigour required to continue on in science. To satisfy this need, two distance general chemistry laboratory courses appropriate for Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) students, including chemistry…