This study examines the relationships between university graduates' HEXACO traits and networking behavior for finding a job through job search network size. We integrate individual difference theory and social network theory to explain these links in two manners. We use individual difference theory to demonstrate that graduates with HEXACO…

The present study uses doubly latent models to estimate the effect of average mathematics achievement at the class level on students' subsequent mathematics achievement (the "Peer Spillover Effect") and mathematics self-concept (the "Big-Fish-Little-Pond-Effect; BFLPE"), controlling for individual differences in prior…

Purpose: This study aims to develop a teaching model of the Malay language for non-native and foreign speakers in schools. Implementing this model can assist educators in teaching the Malay language to students who do not use it as their first language in everyday use. Methodology: This study used a qualitative approach to develop teaching models…

In recent years, mathematical models of decision making, such as the diffusion model, have been endorsed in individual differences research. These models can disentangle different components of the decision process, like processing speed, speed-accuracy trade-offs, and duration of non-decisional processes. The diffusion model estimates individual…

This study investigates how sensitively the current grit measure (Grit-S) is able to reflect the differences between individuals (i.e. item discrimination) and change within individuals (i.e. sensitivity to change of items) using longitudinal data. Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2018 of elementary (fourth grade) and middle…

What is this report about? This report investigates a limitation of the current GCSE awarding process in England, which relies on a 'comparable outcomes' approach using Key Stage 2 (KS2) prior attainment data. Specifically, it examines how failing to account for cohort effects -- where students perform differently depending on the average ability…

There are multivariate influences on the development of children's executive function throughout the lifespan and substantial individual differences can be seen as early as when children are 1 and 2 years of age. These individual differences are moderately stable throughout early childhood, but more research is needed to better understand their…

The paper explores and assesses, through quantitative research and data analytics models, as to how socio-demographic profile, work, and family responsibilities may be associated with motivational level and educational attainment or course completion rate of learners enrolled in the undergraduate courses of Indira Gandhi National Open University…

Purpose: Reading fluency establishes the basis for the strong literacy skills needed for academic success. We aim to trace how reading fluency develops from childhood to adulthood and identify factors that influence this development. Method: In this study, 200 families were followed. All participating children (N = 200, 47% female) were ethnic…

This study investigated the relationships between sexual (verbal and non-verbal sexual harassment) and physical violence against physical education (PE) teachers and work-related stress. Participants were 175 (females 122, males 53) Finnish PE teachers aged between 27 and 62 years. The findings showed that (1) higher perceived physical violence…

In this study, 227 pre-service teachers majoring in special education at two normal universities in eastern China were studied using a questionnaire survey. The survey sought to understand pre-service teachers' beliefs about students and teachers' role in special education, using a metaphor approach. The results are as follows: First, in terms of…

Reading development involves several changes in orthographic processing. A key question is, "how does the coding of letters develops in children learning to read?" Masked priming effects of transposition and substitution primes have been taken to index the importance of letter position and identity coding. Somewhat contradicting results…

This study explores the psychometric properties of "Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report" (SDI:SR) in students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and without disabilities in China. The paper-and-pencil version of SDI:SR Chinese Translation (SDI:SR Chinese) was used to explore self-determination across students…

Comprehension substantially benefits from attending to, thinking about, and mentally representing the sources of any presented information. Such processes require mental effort and unfortunately people do not always engage in such activities. The current article presents a nascent, evolving model of discourse comprehension that formalizes…

Performance in elementary cognitive tasks is moderately correlated with fluid intelligence and working memory capacity. These correlations are higher for more complex tasks, presumably due to increased demands on working memory capacity. In accordance with the binding hypothesis, which states that working memory capacity reflects the limit of a…