Significant developments in Spanish vocational education are National Program of Vocational Education and Training; 1992 National Agreement on Continuing Training by employers and unions, which established mechanisms for public funding of training; and a second agreement in 1996, which extended the beneficiaries of training and promoted…

The "new federalism" policies of the conservative governments of Malcolm Fraser in Australia (1975-1982) and Ronald Reagan in the United States (1980-1985) are remarkably similar. Both men rode to power on the wave of conservative political, economic and social forces which swept the United States and Australia in the late 1970's. Both…

Financial and administrative problems facing Australian universities are examined. Also addressed are problems that have existed since triennial funding arrangements were abandoned in 1975 and how continually changing recommendations and financial allocations have seriously hindered long-term planning. (SF)

In Bihar, India, the number of illiterate people has increased during the last 5 decades despite the rise in the percentage of literacy. Reasons are lack of encouragement by the upper classes for education of the masses, lack of unity among lower classes to demand education as a matter of right, and a low base of development. The Mass Literacy…

The first annual report of the National Council for Higher Education in the Republic of Ghana covers the period July 1, 1974 to June 30, 1975. The historical background of the council is reviewed along with its membership, committees, and institutions for which it is responsible. Its role in financing the universities is discussed in terms of…

The final and fourth volume in a collection of papers on poverty issues, this document deals with studies of poverty and social welfare programs in five Western European countries, Canada, and Japan. Eight sections constitute the document: some cross-national characteristics of poverty; poverty and antipoverty in Britain (characteristics of…

The coercive environment of prison makes it an especially difficult setting for educational services that aim to enable people to make decisions and have some control over their lives. Concern has grown at the international, national, and local levels to ensure that education of high quality and an appropriately broad range is recognized as an…

This publication was produced in response to a perceived need for a compact reference volume that permits a rapid overview of all the projects carried out by the Division of Science Resources Studies of the National Science Foundation. It was designed to furnish sufficient information on project objectives, methods, results, and references to…

The levy-grant system that operated under Britain's 1964 Industrial Training Act was the most effective incentive mechanism for increasing the volume and improving the quality of training. Strengths of the act's Industrial Training Boards (ITBs) were employer-funded training, collection of data on training in companies to guide planning, and…

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly has mandated the Youth Employment Network, an initiative to address youth unemployment. Policy recommendations have been finalized, including an ambitious political process now being put into place. It invites heads of state and government to develop national action plans with targets for job creation and…

This paper examines effects of public funding for religious and private schools in the Netherlands and England over the last century. These two countries were chosen because both have religious schools fully funded by the state. The paper shows that state funding has disadvantages and advantages. Funding has been associated with considerable, yet…