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Peer reviewedWilliams, George L. – English Journal, 1980
The Italian educational system's experiences with national examinations might help United States educators understand the impact of state tests on students, schools, and education in general. (JT)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Standards, Competency Based Education, Educational Trends
Peer reviewedLester, Stan – Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 1995
In the United Kingdom, a trend in professional education is toward a competence-based certification scheme to be used in tandem with academic qualifications. However, philosophical differences are found that, linked to structural issues, make this pairing problematic. An alternative approach that allows competencies to be recognized through the…
Descriptors: Certification, Educational Trends, Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Methods
