After independence India's leaders committed the country to democracy with universal franchise and to pursuing a socialistic pattern of society. As part of these interlocking projects, it was widely recognised that India's educational systems needed reform. However, with scarce resources, Indian policy-makers faced the dilemma of whether to…

An evaluation of twenty-five national pilot experimental projects in permanent education conducted in European countries was done to provide a foundation for theoretical work, to update prior studies, and to create an awareness of the problems of permanent education. Three- to five-day evaluation visits were made to each of the project sites by a…