Cognitive load studies are mostly centered on information on perceived cognitive load. Single-item subjective rating scales are the dominant measurement practice to investigate overall cognitive load. Usually, either invested mental effort or perceived task difficulty is used as an overall cognitive load measure. However, the extent to which the…

This study employed a multi-methods design to investigate the impact of preparation on Chinese test-takers' perceptions of the integrated TOEFL iBT speaking and writing design. Combining results from over 1700 surveys and 10 interviews, it was found that these Chinese test-takers, who are the most vulnerable group in the multimillion testing…

The purpose of this study was to construct a higher-order thinking test of science for pre-service elementary school teachers. The test was created using the ADDIE model. The analysis stage was carried out by identifying the needs and baseline of higher-order thinking skills of students from the department of primary School Teacher education in…

Researchers design diagnostic assessments to measure students' knowledge structures and processing skills to provide information about their cognitive attribute. The purpose of this study is to determine the instrument's validity and score reliability, as well as to investigate the use of classical test theory to identify item characteristics. The…

The aim of the study is to develop an achievement test consisting of the questions in verbal intelligence games whose validity and reliability have been ensured and which are in accordance with the learning outcomes of the states of substance and knowing the properties of substance via the five senses taking place in the unit "Let's Know…

Teachers who can adapt and be ready for all changes will also be able to provide a balance to increase the competence of vocational high school students. This is also not denied when teachers become assessors in student competency tests. The objectives of this study were to produce an instrument for the readiness of teachers as assessors; to…

The aim of the present study is to develop a national non-verbal cognitive ability test in Turkey. Test items were developed during the first stage and applied as a pilot study on 3,073 children in the age interval of 4 to 13. The test was given its final form based on the values of item difficulty, item distinctiveness, item total score…

This study aims to investigate: (1) the construct validity of the "Blended Learners' Online Component Challenges" BLOCC scale; (2) the internal reliability of the scale; and (3) the differences between blended learners' online component challenges according to different socio-demographic variables for Sport Science students. The sample…

The Mineralogy Concept Inventory (MCI) is a statistically validated 18-question assessment that can be used to measure learning gains in introductory mineralogy courses. Development of the MCI was an iterative process involving expert consultation, student interviews, assessment deployment, and statistical analysis. Experts at the two universities…

Technological literacy (TL) as the goal of technology education guides the construction of the technology education curriculum in China. Previous studies investigating technological literacy were limited to K-12 students and had some ambiguities in the definition of technology, theoretical framework, and assessed criterion, and a measurement…

Pupils' attitudes towards technology have been widely discussed for over three decades, but the equally important topic of teachers' attitudes towards technology has not gained similar attention. To address this gap, the technology teachers' attitude towards technology (TTATT) scale was developed and validated by pilot testing with 140 Chinese…

This study aims to reveal (1) the construct and (2) the characteristics of the developed instrument for assessing Physics cognitive learning achievement of high school students in outdoor learning models through local wisdom-based fieldwork. This research was a research and development using the approach developed by Mardapi (2012: 110). The steps…

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to reduce the workload for the second language (L2) teachers and test developers. We propose two AI distractor-generating methods for creating Chinese vocabulary items: semantic similarity and visual similarity. Semantic similarity refers to antonyms and synonyms, while visual similarity…

In the current study, the validity of C-Test is investigated using the construct identification approach. Based on construct identification approach, the factors which are deemed to affect item difficulty in C-Test items were identified. To this aim, 11 factors were selected to enter into Linear Logistic Testing Model (LLTM) analysis to…

This study established a Chinese scale for measuring high school students' ocean literacy. This included testing its reliability, validity, and differential item functioning (DIF) with the aim of compensating for the lack of DIF tests focusing on current scales. The construct validity and reliability were verified and tested by analyzing the…