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Lily Dicken; Thomas Suddendorf; Adam Bulley; Muireann Irish; Jonathan Redshaw – Child Development, 2025
Australian children aged 6-9 years (N = 120, 71 females; data collected in 2021-2022) were tasked with remembering the locations of 1, 3, 5, and 7 targets hidden under 25 cups on different trials. In the critical test phase, children were provided with a limited number of tokens to allocate across trials, which they could use to mark target…
Descriptors: Child Development, Cognitive Ability, Foreign Countries, Task Analysis
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Sevim Nuraydin; Johannes Stricker; Michael Schneider – Child Development, 2024
The number line estimation task is frequently used to measure children's numerical magnitude understanding. It is unclear whether the resulting straight, horizontal, left-to-right-oriented estimate patterns indicate task constraints or children's intuitive number--space mapping. Three- to six-year-old children (N = 72, M[subscript age] = 4.89, 56%…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Numbers, Mathematics Skills, Numeracy
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Michaela C. DeBolt; Bess L. Caswell; Matthews George; Kenneth Maleta; Elizabeth L. Prado; Shannon Ross-Sheehy; Christine P. Stewart; Lisa M. Oakes – Child Development, 2025
Research with Western samples has uncovered the rapid development of infants' visual attention. This study evaluated spatial attention in 6- to 9-month-old infants living in rural Malawi (N = 511; n[subscript Boys] = 255, n[subscript Yao] = 427) or suburban California, United States (N = 57, n[subscript Boys] = 29, n[subscript White] = 37) in…
Descriptors: Infants, Spatial Ability, Attention Control, Rural Areas
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Elfriede R. Holstein; Maria Theobald; Leonie S. Weindorf; Garvin Brod – Child Development, 2025
We investigated the role of children's conflict monitoring skills in revising an intuitive scientific theory. Children aged 5 to 9 (N = 177; 53% girls, data collected in Germany from 2019-2023) completed computer-based tasks on water displacement, a concept prone to misconceptions. Children predicted which of two objects would displace more water…
Descriptors: Children, Conflict, Task Analysis, Foreign Countries
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Yanaoka, Kaichi; Saito, Satoru – Child Development, 2021
This study examined whether executive functions impact how flexibly children represent task context in performing repeated sequential actions. Japanese children in Experiments 1 (N = 52; 3-6 years) and 2 (N = 50, 4-6 years) performed sequential actions repeatedly; one group received reminders. Experiment 1 indicated that reminders promote flexible…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Sequential Learning, Children, Foreign Countries
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Wang, Hua-Chen; Nation, Kate; Gaskell, M. Gareth; Robidoux, Serje; Weighall, Anna; Castles, Anne – Child Development, 2022
This study explored whether a daytime nap aids children's acquisition of letter-sound knowledge, which is a fundamental component for learning to read. Thirty-two preschool children in Sydney, Australia (M[subscript age] = 4 years;3 months) were taught letter-sound mappings in two sessions: one followed by a nap and the other by a wakeful period.…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Teaching Methods, Foreign Countries
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Verwimp, Cara; Snellings, Patrick; Wiers, Reinout W.; Tijms, Jurgen – Child Development, 2023
This study examined how top-down control influenced letter-speech sound (L-SS) learning, the initial phase of learning to read. In 2020, 107 Dutch children (53 boys, M[subscript age] = 106.845 months) learned eight L-SS correspondences, either preceded by goal-directed or implicit instructions. Symbol knowledge and artificial word-reading ability…
Descriptors: Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Speech Communication, Language Acquisition, Reading Processes
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Wente, Adrienne O.; Kimura, Katherine; Walker, Caren M.; Banerjee, Nirajana; Fernández Flecha, María; MacDonald, Bridget; Lucas, Christopher; Gopnik, Alison – Child Development, 2019
Extensive research has explored the ability of young children to learn about the causal structure of the world from patterns of evidence. These studies, however, have been conducted with middle-class samples from North America and Europe. In the present study, low-income Peruvian 4- and 5-year-olds and adults, low-income U.S. 4- and 5-year-olds in…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Low Income, Preschool Children, Adults
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Blakey, Emma; Visser, Ingmar; Carroll, Daniel J. – Child Development, 2016
Improvements in cognitive flexibility during the preschool years have been linked to developments in both working memory and inhibitory control, though the precise contribution of each remains unclear. In the current study, one hundred and twenty 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds completed two rule-switching tasks. In one version, children switched rules in…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Preschool Children, Short Term Memory, Conceptual Tempo
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Marentette, Paula; Pettenati, Paola; Bello, Arianna; Volterra, Virginia – Child Development, 2016
Analyses of elicited pantomime, primarily of English-speaking children, show that preschool-aged children are more likely to symbolically represent an object with gestures depicting an object's form rather than its function. In contrast, anecdotal reports of spontaneous gesture production in younger children suggest that children use multiple…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Child Development, Italian, English
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Birmingham, Elina; Meixner, Tamara; Iarocci, Grace; Kanan, Christopher; Smilek, Daniel; Tanaka, James W. – Child Development, 2013
The strategies children employ to selectively attend to different parts of the face may reflect important developmental changes in facial emotion recognition. Using the Moving Window Technique (MWT), children aged 5-12 years and adults ("N" = 129) explored faces with a mouse-controlled window in an emotion recognition task. An…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Recognition (Psychology), Child Development, Human Body
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Skoruppa, Katrin; Mani, Nivedita; Peperkamp, Sharon – Child Development, 2013
Using a picture pointing task, this study examines toddlers' processing of phonological alternations that trigger sound changes in connected speech. Three experiments investigate whether 2;5- to 3-year-old children take into account assimilations--processes by which phonological features of one sound spread to adjacent sounds--for the purpose of…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Toddlers, Language Processing, Phonology
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Olson, Kristina R.; Shutts, Kristin; Kinzler, Katherine D.; Weisman, Kara G. – Child Development, 2012
Group-based social hierarchies exist in nearly every society, yet little is known about whether children understand that they exist. The present studies investigated whether 3- to 10-year-old children (N = 84) in South Africa associate higher status racial groups with higher levels of wealth, one indicator of social status. Children matched higher…
Descriptors: Evidence, Social Status, Racial Identification, Race
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Tenezakis, Maria D. – Child Development, 1975
Sinclair-de Zwart's findings on relationships between cognitive and linguistic development were compared with data gathered in Australia from 162 first-, second-, and third-grade Greek-English bilinguals (tested in both languages) and 136 English monoglots in the same classroom. (Author/CS)
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Cognitive Development, Comprehension, Conservation (Concept)
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Edelstein, Wolfgang; And Others – Child Development, 1984
Conceptual analysis of two perspective-taking tasks identified a number of subtasks calling for equivalent operations of social reasoning within tasks of different content. Subtasks hypothetically formed a logical and developmental sequence of abilities required for decentering. The developmental significance of the hierarchy was tested among 121…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students