Women continue to be statistical minorities in the field of secondary band teaching, and past researchers have described the unique challenges and struggles of female band directors. Many of these experiences can be uniquely understood through the lens of gender microaggressions. In this literature review, I provide an overview of the various…

Bullying has been a serious social issue in contemporary society. Traditionally, bullying has been examined in various social contexts and different populations including academic, community, and workplace settings. In recent years, although there has been an increasing number of publications about women's experiences of harassment and sexual…

Unmet or thwarted belonging needs have been implicated in multiple studies of women in engineering in college and in the engineering workforce. A wide range of other challenges that women face in engineering are tightly linked to deficits in belonging. Furthermore, many women face intersectional factors across race and ethnicity that make it even…

What does it mean to "be" an ethical faculty member? A number of scholars point to legal and moral issues, aligning ethics with professional codes and regulated by institutional policy. From this perspective, being ethical is a matter of knowing and following the professional rules--the goal is to avoid certain actions. On the other…

Women face external career barriers (sexual harassment, discrimination, lower socioeconomic status, racism, homophobia, physical limitations, lack of mentors) as well as individual/social barriers (self-efficacy expectations, low-outcome expectations, skill deficits, multiple role stress). Tools such as interviews, qualitative tests, and…

This review of the literature investigates the various factors identified by researchers to explain women's underrepresentation in the engineering field. Because a great deal of research has been published through the years, a compilation summary of existing research was necessary. This literature review utilized searches from thousands of…

This publication reports the results of a review of scientific research on office job hazards, survey responses from more than 1,200 office workers in Cleveland and Boston, and in-depth interviews with more than 100 office workers. The report covers the following areas of health hazards for office workers: (1) job stress--physical and…

The author states that there are differences in the ways male and female administrators spend their time, in the ways they interact day to day, in the priorities that guide their actions, in the perceptions of them by others, and in the satisfaction they derive from their work. (CT)

Analyzes the situation of women workers in Czechoslovakia in terms of working conditions, difference in earnings compared to men, and attitudes toward work. Future developments, including massive unemployment of women, are outlined. (SK)

Notes that the literature shows female intensive professions are usually devalued in terms of pay, status, career opportunities, and working conditions. It is argued that gender equity in librarianship should focus on library specialties, such as children's librarianship and cataloging, that are more likely to employ women than the profession as a…

Reviews two major themes in sexual harassment research (prevalence figures and perceptions/attributions) and two emerging areas (victim responses and organizational factors). Identifies lack of research on training interventions and organizational response patterns as well as a lack of conceptual clarity and specificity in research. (81…

Discusses the literature related to women and mentoring. Reports that review of literature reveals a lack of research specifically dedicated to female mentors who have male proteges. Proposes roles and responsibilities of mentors and specific strategies for fostering effective mentoring for and by women. (Author/JDM)

Strategies for dealing effectively with sexual harassment in the educational organization are presented in this document. Identification of the problem is complex, compounded by the context in which it occurs and different male and female perceptions. One starting point for identification is the 1980 federal guidelines passed by the Equal…

Reviews literature in lesbian and women's identity development followed by a discussion of vocational issues of lesbians as related both to identity development and to literature on vocational psychology of women. Moves toward a vocational psychology of lesbians that incorporates scholarship in lesbian and women's development within framework of…

This document discusses the developing law of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is discussed not only in the school environment, but also in the workplace. Two legally recognized forms of sexual harassment are described: (1) quid pro quo, or demanding sexual favors in exchange for grades, raises, promotions; and (2) the hostile environment…