Learning analytics dashboards are becoming increasingly common tools for providing feedback to learners. However, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the effects of learning analytics dashboard design features on learners' cognitive load, particularly in digital learning environments. To address this gap, we developed goal-based,…

Cognitive ability is closely associated with the acquisition of programming skills, and enhancing learners' cognitive ability is a crucial factor in improving the efficacy of programming education. Adaptive feedback strategies can provide learners with personalized support based on their learning context, which helps to stimulate their interest…

Feedback is a powerful instructional tool for motivating learning. But effective feedback, requires that instructors have accurate information about their students' current knowledge status and their learning progress. In modern educational measurement, two major theoretical perspectives on student ability and proficiency can be distinguished.…