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Direct linkMichelle Spiegel; Leah R. Clark; Thurston Domina; Vitaly Radsky; Paul Y. Yoo; Andrew Penner – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2025
Many educational policies hinge on the valid measurement of student economic disadvantage at the school level. Measures based on free and reduced-price lunch enrollment are used widely. However, recent research raises questions about their reliability, particularly following the introduction of universal free lunch in certain schools and…
Descriptors: Disadvantaged Schools, Economically Disadvantaged, Lunch Programs, Poverty
Download full textRanalli, Dennis; Templin, Joe; Applebaum, Maggie – US Department of Agriculture, 2021
This report responds to the requirement of PL 110-246 to assess the effectiveness of state and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals. Direct certification is a process conducted by the states and by local educational agencies (LEAs) to certify eligible children for free meals without the need for household applications.…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Greenberg, Erica – Urban Institute, 2018
Free and reduced-price lunch status has long been used as a proxy measure for student poverty. This brief offers a short history of school lunch and its recent decline as a measure of economic disadvantage. It then provides a primer on "direct certification," the most promising alternative, which links student enrollment with public…
Descriptors: Poverty, Lunch Programs, Low Income Students, Economically Disadvantaged
US Department of Agriculture, 2018
This report responds to the requirement of PL 110-246 to assess the effectiveness of state and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals. Direct certification is a process conducted by the states and by local educational agencies (LEAs) to certify eligible children for free meals without the need for household applications.…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Kwon, Junehee; Lee, Yee Ming; Park, Eunhye; Wang, Yujia; Rushing, Keith – Journal of Child Nutrition & Management, 2017
Purpose/Objectives: This study assessed current practices and attitudes of school nutrition program (SNP) management staff regarding free and reduced-price (F-RP) meal application and verification in SNPs. Methods: Stratified, randomly selected 1,500 SNP management staff in 14 states received a link to an online questionnaire and/or a printed…
Descriptors: Lunch Programs, Nutrition, Administrator Attitudes, Questionnaires
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon; Gothro, Andrew – US Department of Agriculture, 2016
This report responds to the legislative requirement of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-234) to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals under the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon; Gothro, Andrew – US Department of Agriculture, 2016
This report responds to the requirement of Public Law 110-246 to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals. Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local educational agencies (LEAs) to certify eligible children for free meals without the need for household…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Gola, Alice Ann H.; Burdg, Jinee – Journal of Child Nutrition & Management, 2018
The FNS Research Corner provides a continuing series to summarize recently completed and current research conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) in the area of child nutrition. Summaries of recently completed research projects and in-progress research are provided in this article.
Descriptors: Food, Nutrition, Lunch Programs, Program Evaluation
McGovern, Conor F.; Newman, Constance – Journal of Child Nutrition & Management, 2020
The FNS Research Corner provides a continuing series to summarize recently completed and current research conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) in the area of child nutrition. Summaries of recently completed research projects, research conducted through grant activities, and in-progress research are…
Descriptors: Nutrition, Grants, Research Projects, Food
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon; Gothro, Andrew – US Department of Agriculture, 2015
This report responds to the requirement of Public Law 110-246 to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals. Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local educational agencies (LEAs) to certify eligible children for free meals without the need for household…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon; Gothro, Andrew – US Department of Agriculture, 2015
This report responds to the legislative requirement of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L.110-234) to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals under the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon; Gothro, Andrew – US Department of Agriculture, 2013
This report responds to the legislative requirement of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L.110-246) to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals under the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon; Gothro, Andrew – US Department of Agriculture, 2013
This report responds to the requirement of Public Law 110-246 to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals. Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local educational agencies (LEAs) to certify eligible children for free meals without the need for household…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon – US Department of Agriculture, 2012
This report responds to the legislative requirement of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L.110-246) to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals under the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
Moore, Quinn; Conway, Kevin; Kyler, Brandon – US Department of Agriculture, 2012
This report responds to the requirement of Public Law 110-246 to assess the effectiveness of State and local efforts to directly certify children for free school meals. Direct certification is a process conducted by the States and by local educational agencies (LEAs) to certify eligible children for free meals without the need for household…
Descriptors: National Programs, Lunch Programs, Certification, Eligibility
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