Free and reduced-price meal (FRM) eligibility is commonly used in education research and policy applications as an indicator of student poverty. However, using multiple data sources external to the school system, we show that FRM status is a poor proxy for poverty, with eligibility rates far exceeding what would be expected based on stated income…

Although research has provided a substantial amount of information about key characteristics of effective school leaders, there is a growing need for continued improvement and reflective practice on the continuous development of instructional leaders. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent elementary principals perceive they are…

This is an evaluation report of ESEA Title I programs in St. Louis, Missouri which maintains that despite the decline in funds, St. Louis' Title I children held their own. In 1970, these students scored about two months higher on achievement tests than they had in 1966. The fact that Title I students are not losing ground is considered a…