Statewide school accountability systems have been required by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) for more than 20 years. However, many states implemented school accountability systems well before federal requirements, demonstrating a recognition of their role in supporting school improvement. As a new administration takes office with a pledge to reduce the federal government's role in education, there is growing uncertainty about oversight of ESEA's requirements. This brief makes the case that states should continue to implement high-quality school accountability systems--regardless of the level or nature of federal oversight--and also pursue opportunities for innovation and continuous improvement. To support the assertion that this is a bipartisan position that elevates shared priorities for improving educational outcomes for America's public schools, the principles described in the companion brief, "The Case for State Testing," are adapted and extended.