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Direct linkLucrecia Santibañez; Marlene Saint Martin – Teachers College Record, 2025
The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted educational opportunities for English learner-designated (EL) students. To address these disruptions districts across the nation received unprecedented levels of federal and state funding. This study examines how California school districts responded to challenges faced by EL-designated students in the…
Descriptors: English Learners, COVID-19, School District Spending, Educational Finance
Download full textRebecca R. Skinner; Isobel Sorenson – Congressional Research Service, 2025
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), most recently comprehensively amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95), is the primary source of federal aid to support elementary and secondary education. The Title I-A program is the largest grant program authorized under the ESEA and was funded at $18.4 billion for FY2023.…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Elementary Secondary Education, Educational Legislation, Federal Aid
Alex Spurrier; Biko McMillan; Jennifer O’Neal Schiess – Bellwether, 2025
The Trump administration may push for a shift away from the current formula-driven federal K-12 education funding toward more flexible block grants -- part of a broader effort to significantly scale back the U.S. Department of Education and direct more education policy decision-making to the states. If Congress authorizes this new flexibility,…
Descriptors: Block Grants, Educational Finance, Elementary Secondary Education, Federal Aid
Christian Michael Smith; Laura T. Hamilton; Charlie Eaton – Research in Higher Education, 2025
Federal student aid formulas prioritize income over wealth. Using nationally representative data from two cohorts, we argue that federal student aid policy thus under-addresses wealth-driven financial need and that this oversight contributes to racial disparities in student debt, in turn reinforcing the United States's longstanding racial wealth…
Descriptors: Federal Aid, Student Financial Aid, Financial Needs, Needs Assessment
Advance CTE: State Leaders Connecting Learning to Work, 2025
In 2014, RTI International, with the support of Advance CTE, conducted research on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education, which established how states allocated categorical funds for CTE during the academic year 2011-12 and the amounts of those allocations. By returning to this topic 10 years later, Advance CTE seeks to understand how CTE is…
Descriptors: Career and Technical Education, State Aid, Funding Formulas, Resource Allocation
Tennessee Higher Education Commission, 2025
Pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated § 49-7-210, the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) shall produce each year a Fact Book to address the topics of access, efficiency, productivity, and quality in public higher education. This year's "Tennessee Higher Education Fact Book" consists of four sections and an appendix of additional…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Public Colleges, Student Participation, Success
