A method is proposed for the evaluation of the degree to which trait measures show stability across diverse methods of measurement. The technique is illustrated using multitrait-multimethod matrices from personality assessment, which yield trait-specific factors. (Author/BJG)

The relationship of sample size to number of variables in the use of factor analysis has been treated by many investigators. In attempting to explore what the minimum sample size should be, none of these investigators pointed out the constraints imposed on the dimensionality of the variables by using a sample size smaller than the number of…

A rigorous definition for a factor analysis model and a complete solution of the factor score indeterminacy problem are presented in this technical paper. The meaning and application of these results are discussed. (Author/JKS)

Principal components analysis is generalized to the case where any of the variables under consideration can be nominal, ordinal or interval. Hotelling's original formulation is seen to be a special case of this generalization. (JKS)

A group of factor analytic rotation procedures are developed which yield both hyperplane fittings and oblique Procrustean analyses as special cases. It is generally supposed that these techniques are rather different in approach. Illustrations are presented and discussed. (Author/JKS)

Principal component analysis, image component analysis, and maximum likelihood factor analysis were compared to assess the effects of variable sampling. Results with respect to degree of saturation and average number of variables per factor were clear and dramatic. Differential effects on boundary cases and nonconvergence problems were also found.…

The extension of regression estimation and poststratification to factor analysis is considered. These methods may be used either to improve the efficiency of estimation or to adjust for the effects of nonrandom selection. The estimation procedure may be formulated in a LISTREL framework. (Author/LMO)

The details of EM algorithms for maximum likelihood factor analysis are presented for both the exploratory and confirmatory models. An example is presented to demonstrate potential problems in other approaches to maximum likelihood factor analysis. (Author/JKS)

Structural models that yield circumplex inequality patterns are reviewed, focusing on a model developed by T. W. Anderson (1960). A modification is proposed to this model to allow for negative correlations. This model may be reparameterized as a factor analysis model with nonlinear constraints on the factor loadings. (SLD)

Considers models incorporating principal components from the perspectives of structural-equation modeling. These models include the following: (1) the principal-component analysis of patterned matrices; (2) multiple analysis of variance based on principal components; and (3) multigroup principal-components analysis. Discusses fitting these models…

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a frequently used multivariate analysis technique in statistics. Jennrich and Sampson (1966) solved a significant EFA factor loading matrix rotation problem by deriving the direct Quartimin rotation. Jennrich was also the first to develop standard errors for rotated solutions, although these have still not made…

Several important issues related to canonical correlation have been recognized and resolved during the last several years. The purpose of this presentation is to offer an organized, comprehensive, and current annotated bibliography of the many recent developments and extensions of canonical methods. The bibliography does not emphasize references…