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Chang, Wen-Hui; Liu, Yuan-Chen; Huang, Tzu-Hua – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2017
The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-dimensional scale to measure students' awareness of key competencies for M-learning and to test its reliability and validity. The Key Competencies of Mobile Learning Scale (KCMLS) was determined via confirmatory factor analysis to have four dimensions: team collaboration, creative thinking, critical…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Multidimensional Scaling, Electronic Learning, Test Reliability
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Wu, Chia-Huei; Chen, Lung Hung – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2010
In 2001, Elliot and McGregor proposed a 2 x 2 (mastery-performance x approach- avoidance) achievement goal frameworks and developed a questionnaire to measure four goals (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals). This study examines the dual meanings of items in 2 x 2 achievement goal…
Descriptors: Questionnaires, Achievement, Objectives, Factor Analysis