Researchers continue to choose PCA in scale development and adaptation studies because it is the default setting and overestimates measurement quality. When PCA is utilized in investigations, the explained variance and factor loadings can be exaggerated. PCA, in contrast to the models given in the literature, should be investigated in…

Linear functional relationships are intended to be symmetric and therefore cannot generally be accurately estimated using ordinary least squares regression equations. Orthogonal regression (OR) models allow for errors in both "Y" and "X" and therefore can provide symmetric estimates of these relationships. The most…

Item response theory (IRT) refers to a family of mathematical models which describe the relationship between latent continuous variables (attributes or characteristics) and their manifestations (dichotomous/polytomous observed outcomes or responses) with regard to a set of item characteristics. Researchers typically use parametric IRT (PIRT)…

The effective teaching and learning of mathematics through mathematical modeling and connecting mathematics to the real world has gained rapid growth at various educational levels all over the world. The growth in modeling practices in the United States of America (US) and the international community is the result of the development and…

Teaching mathematical modeling is a demanding task. Thus, fostering teachers' competencies in this regard is an essential component of teacher education. Recent conceptualizations of teachers' competencies include situation-specific skills based on the concept of noticing, which is of particular interest for the spontaneous reactions needed when…

We study flexible Bayesian methods that are amenable to a wide range of learning problems involving complex high dimensional data structures, with minimal tuning. We consider parametric and semiparametric Bayesian models, that are applicable to both static and dynamic data, arising from a multitude of areas such as economics, finance and…

This study addresses a gap in the literature on mathematical modeling education by developing the mathematical modeling knowledge scale (MMKS). The MMKS is a quantitative tool created to assess teachers' knowledge of the nature of mathematical modeling. Quantitative instruments to measure modeling knowledge is scare in the literature partially due…

This work sets out to examine the validity and reliability of the Mathematical Modeling Attitude Scale (MMAS), a instrument measuring teachers' attitude towards mathematical modeling. A cross-sectional survey research was utilised to describe the validity and reliability of the MMAS. The population of the present study focused on Malaysian…

The relevance of the study: The relevance of the research problem is conditioned by the intensification of innovative processes in modern economy and in the banking sector, in particular, as one of the most sensitive areas for innovation and innovative types of services and information and communication innovations today is one of the major…

This article describes the development, initial validation, and psychometric evaluation of the mathematical modeling attitude scale (MMAS). Specifically, both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to generate relevant items. The MMAS assesses K-12 teachers' attitude toward mathematical modeling and examines their experiences with…

Existing studies have defined and assessed disciplinary literacy, mathematical literacy, and general academic language. However, there is a need to define and assess mathematics discipline-specific language (MDL), particularly for elementary school teachers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a research instrument to assess the…

The relevance of the problem stated in the article is that in conditions of nonstationary economy the modification of existing approaches and methods is necessary during the formation of the capital. These methods allow taking into account the heterogeneity of factors' change in time and the purpose of the development of a particular company,…

The relevance of the research topic is driven by the increasing role of cross-border cooperation for economic development of regions of the neighbouring countries located in the immediate vicinity to the border, as well as for the tourism development. The purpose of scientific research, the results of which are presented in the article, was the…

Teaching quality is the lifeline of the higher education. Many universities have made some effective achievement about evaluating the teaching quality. In this paper, we establish the Students' evaluation of teaching (SET) discriminant analysis model and algorithm based on principal component clustering analysis. Additionally, we classify the SET…

The relevance of research: The relevance of the problem studied is caused by the acceleration of transition of the Russian economy on an innovative way of development, which depends on the vector of innovative sphere of services and, to a large extent, information and communication services, as well as it is caused by the poor drafting of…