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Creed, Peter A.; Conlon, Elizabeth G.; Dhaliwal, Kamal – Journal of Career Assessment, 2013
We used two studies to evaluate, modify, and provide initial validation for a revised Academic Hardiness scale. First, 16 experts rated scale items for content validity and identified two problematic questions. Second, confirmatory factor analyses with 300 Grade 10 students (46% boys, age range 14-17) identified a 17-item version to be the best…
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), Test Validity, Content Validity, Factor Analysis
Zimowski, Michele F.; Wothke, Werner – 1987
Tests of spatial ability were analyzed for their analog (visuospatial) and nonanalog (verbal reasoning) components, using factor analyses of items and test scores. The self-selected sample consisted of over 2000 clients (average age about 26 or 27) employing the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation's aptitude evaluation services in 12 metropolitan…
Descriptors: Adults, Aptitude Tests, Content Validity, Factor Analysis